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1995年阅读理解text4
核心词汇：
extent n. 1 广度, 宽度, 范围, 程度2 [律]<英>扣押, <美>临时所有权令
[例] I agree with you to some extent.我部分地同意你。
[固定搭配] to some extent 某种程度上
inherent adj. 固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的
[例] Polarity is inherent in a magnet.极性是磁铁的固有性质。
[同义] existing， instinctive ，internal， natural
[反义] acquired adj.已获得的, 已成习惯的, 后天通过自己的努力得到的
profound adj. 深刻的, 意义深远的, 渊博的, 造诣深的
[例] We had a profound lesson in ideological education yesterday.昨天我们上了一堂深刻的思想教育课。
[同义] deep ，extreme， great， intense， serious
[反义] shallow adj. 浅的, 浅薄的
characteristic adj. 特有的, 表示特性的, 典型的 n.特性, 特征
[例] What are the characteristics that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?
中国人区别于日本人的特征是什么?
[派生] character n.(事物的)特性, 性质, 特征(的总和), 品质, 字符, 性格, 特征, 人物
vt.写, 刻, 印, 使具有特征
institution n. 1 公共机构, 协会2 制度
[例] Marriage became an institution in ancient societies. 婚姻在古代社会就已经成为一种制度。
current adj. 1 当前的, 通用的, 流通的, 现在的 2 草写的, n.1 涌流, 趋势2 电流, 水流, 气流
[例] Newspapers influence the current of thought. 报纸影响思想潮流。
[同义] flow, happening ,present, prevalent ,stream
[派生] currency n. 流通
keen adj. 1 锋利的, 敏锐的, 敏捷的2 热心的, 渴望的
[例] A keen north wind was blowing. 刮着刺骨的北风。
[同义] acute ,bright ,clever , quick, sharp
[反义] blunt adj. 钝的, 生硬的
rejoice v. (使)欣喜, (使)高兴, 喜悦
[例] I rejoice to hear your success. 听到你的成功我很高兴。
[同义] celebrate , cheer, delight , encourage , inspire
[反义] grieve v. (使)悲痛, (使)伤心, 忧伤
conquer vt.1 征服, 战胜, 占领2 克服(困难等), 破(坏习惯等)
[例] "According to the textbook of history, the Normans conquered England in 1066."
据历史书记载诺曼底人于一零六六年占领了英格兰。
[同义] crush , defeat , overtake , triumph , vanquish , win
[反义] surrender vt. 交出, 放弃, 使投降, 听任 vi.投降, 自首 n. 交出, 放弃, 投降
merit n. 1 优点2 价值 v. 有益于
[例] There's little merit in passing the driving test if you don't have a car of your own.
"如果你没有自己的汽车,通过驾驶考试也没什么价值。"
[同义] excellence , fineness, goodness , quality , value , worth
[反义] defect n. 过失, 缺点
sympathy n. 同情同情心
[例] I have been a prisoner, so I have a lot of sympathy with other people in prison.
我曾经是个犯人，因此我对其他在监狱里的人深表同情。
[同义]compassion，condolence，mercy， pity
[反义]antipathy 憎恶反感
[派生] sympathetic adj. 有同情心的, 合意的, 赞成的 n. [解]交感神经, 容易感受的人
exclusively adv. 排外地专有地
[例] This sample room is exclusively for women. 这试衣室仅供妇女使用。
[反义] inclusively adv.包含地, 在内地
[派生] exclusive adj. 1 排外的, 孤高的, 独占的, 唯一的2 高级的
真题原文：
学习完单词后自己认真翻译原文，并将原文中红色字体部分句子的译文回帖，认真答题者奖励50HY，灌水者杀无赦。
Personality is to a large extent inherent——A-type-parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school , which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the 'win at all costs' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides , the first marathon runner , dropped dead seconds after saying: ' Rejoice, we conquer! '
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B' s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment . It is top management .
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions , especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.
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[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-8 12:51:26编辑过]
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【09考研词汇第二波】一天一篇真题记单词（12-1995阅读TEXT4）
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